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What is a Metaprotocol?

A metaprotocol is a protocol that operates on top of an existing blockchain without modifying the base layer. NEXUS is a metaprotocol for Bitcoin, Zcash, and Dogecoin.

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Metaprotocol vs L2

AspectMetaprotocolL2
Base layerUnchangedMay require changes
SecurityInherits L1 securityBridge security
DataOn L1 or off-chainOff-chain with proofs
FinalityL1 finalityL2 finality + L1 settlement

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NEXUS Architecture

NEXUS operates as a metaprotocol by:
  1. Reading L1 data - Monitors Bitcoin/Zcash/Doge for deposits
  2. Processing off-chain - Executes smart contracts in WASM VM
  3. Committing to L1 - Posts state commitments to Bitcoin
  4. Proving validity - Uses ZK-STARK proofs for verification

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Security Model

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Cryptographic Soundness

NEXUS uses ZK-STARK proofs to prove correct execution:
  • State transitions are provably correct
  • Anyone can verify proofs
  • No trusted setup required

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Economic Security

BitVM2 fraud proofs provide economic guarantees:
  • Provers post bonds
  • Challengers can dispute invalid states
  • Bonds are slashed for fraud

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Combined Model

Cryptographic Soundness (ZK-STARK)
         +
Economic Security (BitVM2 Bonds)
         =
Trustless Verification